Neural Network Concept in Artificial Intelligence Essay

Neural Network Concept in Artificial Intelligence Abstract Since the 1980s there have been renewed research efforts dedicated to neural networks. The present interest is largely due to the difficult problems confronted by artificial intelligence, and due to the deeper understanding of how the brain works, the recent developments in theoretical models, technologies and algorithms. One motivation of neural network research is the desire to build a new breed of powerful computers to solve a variety of problems that have proved to be very difficult with conventional computers. Another motivation is the desire to develop cognitive models that can serve as an alternative way to artificial intelligence. Human brain functions have not yet†¦show more content†¦A neural network structure is based on: Node characteristics The nodes of a directed network are called processing units. The state of the unit represents the potential of a neuron. It can also be called activation. The state of a neuron is affected by its previous state, the total acc umulated input signals, and the activation function. As the signal generated at a neuron cell body is transmitted down the axon and then distributed to the synapses, the property of this transmission path may affect the ultimate signal that arrives at the synapses. This can be described by the output function of the unit. 1. Input Function: The synapses and the signal modulations are simulated by links and link functions in neural networks. The signals received by the unit in a neural network may come from different types of output signals (binary, continuous, symbolic), undergo modulations of different link functions, and the link can be of different types (inhibitory, excitatory). Ports for input signals are called sites. All incoming links are impinging upon the sites instead of directly upon the units themselves. 2. Activation Function: The total stimuli coming to a unit is defined to be the sum of the all signals coming from other units. The total stimuli to a node i can be wri tten as sitotal = à ¥j sij where sij is the signal at j-th site of i-th unit. The state of a activation of a unit can be either discrete orShow MoreRelatedArtificial Intelligence Concepts : The Future Of AI1711 Words   |  7 Pagesproponents to different concepts. Dr. Ayala, you’re a strong proponent of connectionism, while Dr. Ruiz is a strong supporter of symbol manipulation. Mr. Skep Ticks is a skeptic of the aforementioned concepts and believes that AIs cannot be intelligent. Intelligence, he believes, can only be simulated by systems but not created. Having all of you seated in front of me brings about the unique opportunity to ask if either of you believe that a machine can achieve intelligence. Ayala: In order to answerRead MoreArtificial Intelligence in Computer Science Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pagestoday is artificial intelligence. The novel approaches that computer scientists use in this field are looked to for answers to many of the problems that have not been solved through traditional approaches to software engineering thus far. One of the concepts studied and implemented for a variety of tasks in artificial intelligence today is neural networks; they have proven successful in offering an approach to some problems in the field, but they also have some failings. Traditional neural networksRead MoreEssay on An Overview of Artificial Intelligence1748 Words   |  7 PagesAn Overview of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence, a concept that would make possible our most remote dreams, specially for housewives. Would not it be interesting to know what is this marvelous thing that is going to make our dreams come true? I think it is. AI(Artificial Intelligence) is a fairly new field in Computer Science, my subject, which I found very interesting. AI it is not a well defined concept yet, which it is not a surprise for me, considering that is a veryRead MoreAnalyzing The Field Of Big Data954 Words   |  4 Pagesclassic data mining process, the data set used to be static and can be easily read many times by users whereas data stream mining algorithms face many hurdles and have to satisfy many limitations like fixed memory, single pass, real time response, and concept drift detection.. General Issues: The main issue covered in this paper is that the traditional data mining research mostly focused on mining local and static data warehouses. However, technological developments leads to the emergence of data streamsRead MoreArtificial Intelligence And Human Intelligence3752 Words   |  16 PagesARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Name Mohammed Warsame Institutional Affiliation 26th January, 2015 â€Æ' Table of Contents Artificial Intelligence 3 Abstract 3 Project Outline 4 Introduction 5 Factors that inhibit a human from executing the rational decision 6 Soft Computing Domains Inspired by Biology 8 Soft Computing 8 Artificial Neural Network 9 Genetic Computing and Evolutionary Computing 10 Emotions and Artificial Intelligence 12 Neural Network Inheritance 12 Is there need to Inherit the Entirety of theRead MoreThe Importance Of Artificial Intelligence1302 Words   |  6 PagesArtificial intelligence is the utilization of computers to imitate human brains in restricted domains. This is a consequence of developing computer which carry on logically, reason rationally and can adequately decipher its surroundings continuously in real time. Artificial Intelligence is no longer a fictionist concept, the superior computing prowess of artificial intelligence has enabled them to surpass humans in problem solving. They have made it conceivable to recreate complex activities thatRead MoreA Brief Introduction To Artificial Intelligence For Normal People1691 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Artificial Intelligence For Normal People By Marc Crouch | Submitted On June 22, 2016 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Marc Crouch Lately, artificial intelligence has been veryRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Of Medicine ( Aim )1571 Words   |  7 Pages 3.1 Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Artificial intelligence in Medicine (AIM) [‎18,‎19] frameworks are expected to help healthcare laborers in the typical course of their obligations, supporting assignments that depend on the control of data and information. An AI framework could keep running inside an electronic therapeutic record system, and alarm a clinician when it identifies a contraindication to an arranged treatment. It could likewise alarm the clinician when it distinguishes situationsRead MoreARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE6331 Words   |  26 PagesARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Contents : Abstract : Introduction : History : Concepts : Branches of AI : Artificial Intelligence in fiction : Problems o 7.1 Deduction, reasoning, problem solving o 7.2 Knowledge representation o 7.3 Planning o 7.4 Learning o 7.5 Motion manipulation o 7.6 Perception o 7.7 Social intelligence o 7.8 Creativity o 7.9 General intelligence ï‚ · VIII : Tools o 8.1 Search optimization o 8.2 Logic o 8.3 Probabilistic methods for uncertain reasoning Read MoreWhat Did I Learn About The Genetic Algorithms ( Gas ) And Neural Networks ( Nns )1362 Words   |  6 Pageslearned in this class, because I had not had any Artificial Intelligence experience or class before, so everything covered in class was a learning experience for me, to include JAVA programming language. Within this paper, I will talk about not only what I learned in class, but also what I found to be interesting and what I will probably use in the future. The topics I feel I learned the most about were Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and Neural Networks (NNs). A GA is a learning model that owes its performance

Ceramic Art of Japan Free Essays

HIS glazed pots â€Å"possesses a stunning and unusual Iridescent quality’. Yamaha has an Interest In rare ancient Chinese tea bowl glazes and glazes that have a three-dimensional quality that emphasizes peacefulness and purity. His ceramic can be expressed as calm, classic and very well balanced In aesthetic and his forms are Influenced by the mystical and spiritual power of giving life to hidden beauty. We will write a custom essay sample on Ceramic Art of Japan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yamaha himself has stated that â€Å"Harmony and unity are expressions of peace. I alma for my art to provide not only beauty, but also peacefulness. My quest has been not for the perfect form or perfect glaze, but for the mysterious effect that first drew me to this work: the contemplative tranquility evoked wrought line and light†. His ceramic of throwing, glazing, and firing are very complex and his vessels are pristine, dynamically simple, and the objects are very devoted to contemplation and is influenced by the panoply of the nature world, star-filled nights, geologic phenomena, undulating ocean waves and fiery red sunsets. Handmaid’s collection of his work as a ceramic are awarded and hung up on many famous art museums all around the world, such as the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, , the Art Institute of Chicago, the Museum of Arts and Design in New York City, and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Another well-known Japanese ceramic is Abe Nanjing(1938-) who is very famous for his Baize pottery, Baize pottery is a type of Japanese pottery that is characterized by its iron-like hardness, and a reddish-brown color, and design from wood-burning kiln firing. Baize is originated from Kamala Prefecture, Japan and it is Japans oldest pottery and one of the six remaining kilns of medieval Japan. Abe Nanjing glazes his pottery (Baize) and then covers it with an artificial enamel glazes and natural ash glazes which make a unique Baize flair, in which some people say that his way of glazing destroys the original beauty of Baize pottery. In Baize’s eddo period pottery were glazed with white slip and completely hid the beauty of the Baize (Dark Age of Blaze). Imbibe Ware is when Baize clay Is colored by a deep black and covered by an Iron-rich liquid clay. Abe has a special ability to mix two different kinds of glaze, over glaze and natural glaze together and fire this and make pottery that Is rugged and has naturalistic austerity. Ceramic Art of Japan By Amy-Koura moved to the United States to study art history at Western Michigan University and with his master potter, Shires Mira for five years. Experimenting and completing throughout Japan and United States. His glazed pots â€Å"possesses a stunning and unusual iridescent quality’. Yamaha has an interest in rare ancient Chinese tea bowl balanced in aesthetic and his forms are influenced by the mystical and spiritual unity are expressions of peace. I aim for my art to provide not only beauty, but also pottery and one of the six remaining kilns of medieval Japan. Abe Nanjing glazes his Baize). Imbibe Ware is when Baize clay is colored by a deep black and covered by an iron-rich liquid clay. Abe has a special ability to mix two different kinds of glaze, over glaze and natural glaze together and fire this and make pottery that is rugged and How to cite Ceramic Art of Japan, Papers

Business Ethical Issues in International Business-Free Samples

Question: What Is The Difference Business Ethical Issues In International Business-Free Samples? Answer: Introduction Business Ethical issues have been talked about ever since the ancient days. An ethical issue, therefore, represents aspects of individual human activities as well as behaviors depicted towards people living around a particular business environment. These people living in these business environments always evaluates behaviors, whether good or bad and this forms part of the relationship between them and the entire society surrounding it. Hence ethical issues are defined in the form of a mental process that is always developed in enabling someone to give difference on ways some things have been done and how they ought to be done in the best way. This will enhance the behavioral change due to the education on the right way of doing things. Today's consumers have a kind of particular taste where they prefer those organizations that have this kind of upright habit that they will always feel secure in the products that they consume from this organization to be of decent quality(Cheeseman, 2016). The media on the other end is also working day and night in putting into light organizations that are known to have a kind of office malpractices in the form of corruption or producing products that do not meet the desire and demands of the buyers. It is therefore important for the government to allow responsible media freedom as the media is very resourceful in giving the public the desire of choice through public awareness(George, 1999). According to Stan wick, "Business Ethics is the study of business situations, activities and decisions where issues of right and wrong are addressed (Stan wick, 2009, p.5)." Ethics, therefore, sets standards in deciding what is good and what is wrong. Ethical issues become an action of concern when an individual does an act that could either be harmful or beneficial to others. Law can, therefore, be codified where values and standards are drafted into a legal aspect and enforceable in courts of law. Such law includes aspects like payment of premiums by corporate companies and attaining various licenses for operating some particular business(Kline, 2010). Ethical Issues in the International Business Ethical issues in the international markets always originate mostly due to the differences in the political systems and laws operating in these nations as they tend to vary significantly from one state to the other. What is usually considered as an ethical practice in a particular state may be seen to be unethical in another country. Managers operating in foreign countries should, therefore, be vigilant in ensuring that they do not go against the ethical practices of the country they are operating their business(Sullivan, 2003.). The major issues relating to ethical behaviors includes; corruption, employment activities, environmental pollution, human rights and moral obligations in these multinational companies. We will, therefore, discuss each of this in detail. Corruption Corruption has continued to be a major burden in every community. Even today corruption is still reported to be high in most countries both developing and developed countries. Governmental organizations are known to be the highest corrupt institutions swindling all the taxpayers' money and giving nothing totally in return. The international business should, therefore, work in a different way in ensuring that their systems are not affected by corruption. However, others have gained a lot in engaging themselves in corrupt deals with government officials to operate their businesses in these markets(Megone Robinson, 2003). A major case example was that of Carl Ketchikan who gave out 12.5 million as a bribe to government officials to be allowed to get an order for the TriStar jet. When the US noticed this act, Carl was charged with bribery and tax violation(Conklin, 2006). These payments could most probably not be wrong in Japan but were unacceptable in U.S. These officials who violated the law were charged for committing a criminal offense, and one of them ended up committing suicide. In 1997 the Lock head case lead to the formation of the "Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, 1997". This act went against the act of paying foreign officials money to gain business. A lot of theories were discussed in the advantages and the disadvantages of this Act and how they could be ignored in ensuring that projects have to be initiated in these countries where officials would ask for payment or speed money to enable a foreign firm to be established in a foreign company. While this sometimes may be seen to be bad, it could also be good if the project is going to be beneficial to the people regarding job creation and facilitating the growth of a country(Snoeyenbos, et al., 1992.). A study was conducted stating the connection between economic growth and corruption. The results were however that corruption impacted so negatively towards the growth rate of a country. Corruption in allowing enterprises to operate led to the reduction of earned profits hence lowering the rate of investment in a country. There is situation where ethical dilemma may arise in this case where corruption is bad, and it may bring harm to the country, but payment in the form of speed money sometimes could be beneficial to the country as it helps in reducing barriers in investing in a country hence creating jobs for its citizens(Sharp, 2006). Environmental pollution Many developed countries have developed regulations governing pollution on the emission of toxic chemicals into its environment and the dumping of waste materials. Ethical issues, therefore, come up when one person from another country is supposed to behave in connection to environmental pollution in foreign lands in that they have to come up with ethical issues governing pollution in these new environments(Bowie, 2013). Developing nations are mostly not strict on these regulations compared to the developed countries hence resulting in cases of reported pollution by multinational companies. A major example is the case of Nigeria where a foreign oil company, this is the 1992 report by environmental activists(Cavusgil, et al., 2015). Most multinational companies, therefore, prefer developing their companies in this developed countries as there are no costly controls on pollution as compared to these developed countries and they are therefore free to pollute the environment and endangering the lives of its people. A major challenge, therefore, is of the local authority in deciding between allowing pollution and gaining an economic advantage? What is the ethical stand between these two issues? The best solution to all this issue, therefore, is ensuring that pollution is minimized. The environment is very vital, polluting one part of the atmosphere pollutes the entire and polluting the oceans from one end pollutes the entire ocean. The ocean and atmosphere are viewed as for the benefit of the global common. When pollution takes place it, therefore, becomes a "tragedy of the common." The phenomenon was first described in the 16th century by Gareth Hardin as he described a situation where a large open are was given to all to grace their cattle both for the poor and the rich. The final results were very devastating as it led to overgrazing hence destruction of the commons(James, 2012). Moral Obligations Due to their financial ability and their ability to establish themselves in foreign markets, Multinational corporations have a big responsibility in ensuring that they maintain social responsibility in these countries that they operate their business(George, 1993). This is by ensuring that they support community activities. Philosophers argue in that with this kind of power pastored to the multinational companies; they have to give back to the society in return towards their ability to grow and prosper. A successful business has the reasons to appreciate their nobles oblige and give something back in return for their success. Noble Oblige means honoring the chance you have been given(Francis Murfey, 2016). However, most multinational companies have come up to enhance their private gains at the expense of the lives of its community. The famous case of British East India Company established in the year 1600, because of its power it ended up dominating the entire Indian continent. Employment Issues The major concern in operating in the foreign market will most usually be standards set in ensuring that the foreign industries can utilize the available local skills and talents rather than import their labor. Worker protection should also be put into consideration and making sure that the environment they are working in is favorable to the. There should also be a direct relationship between the kind of work they do and the pay they receive. The maximum working time should also be set and ensuring that people are not overworked(George, 2014). Human Rights Apart from Pollution, employment equality, and social responsibility. Issues of human rights could also come up in the international business. Rights are in many forms, but the major rights will include: freedom of speech, association, assembly, movement and also freedom of political representation. All this are rights that are not supposed to be denied to any single individual in a free country governed by law. During the colonial period in South Africa, the blacks were never given a chance to rule over the white. The blacks were therefore placed in the lower positions and could not go into their managerial positions. Some occupations were therefore also set to for the blacks and could not be done by the whites. This continued until 1980's when the people started questioning this act. This was therefore unethical and against human rights in treating citizens unequally and assigning they work that is it defined as slavery. In Nigeria, the foreign oil producing companies were so uneth ical and practiced a kind of dictatorship on its citizens wherein 1990, MPF about 80 people were killed in a bloody battle between protesting people and these international companies. Some much more human rights violation cases have been reported in these developing countries, and hence this has been evaluated as going against the human rights(Parboteeah, 2013). Ethical dilemmas What is seen as being unethical in one country may not be viewed in the same way in other countries? The international companies have an obligation in ensuring that human rights of its citizens are taken care of, job equality, protecting the environment against pollution and promoting social responsibility in their business surroundings. In the U.S death penalty is allowed while in other nations this is against human dignity. Managers must at times also confront some dilemma issues. You imagine of a 12-year-old girl who is an orphan who has been given a job to work on a company's floor. However, the child is a minor and these results in the violation of the company's ethical code, and the company is charged with child labor. The child is relieved of his duty, and he is unable to get another job and result in engaging herself in prostitution to fend for her family in taking care of her 6-year-old brother. Within the next two years, the girl was reported dead of AIDS, and a big dilemma arises on how this issue could have been handled better without destroying the life of this minor and at the same time not going against the countries' ethical practice(George, 2015). Conclusion Multinational companies are therefore required to ensure that they practice ethical issues in the markets that they operate. They must be aware of the different laws and practices that are available in different countries. Most countries vary by the kind of human rights laws, pollution laws, corruption laws hence the need to take note and work towards the interest of the nation's citizens(Kline, 2010). A case such as bribery and treatments of workers are very critical in most parts of the developed countries and should also be implemented when investing in the foreign country. These multinational companies should also be responsible for enhancing social responsibility and contributing toward the growth of the nation by not avoiding tax. They should also make sure that they do not interfere with public policies, elections or government operations abroad. With all these put into consideration then a better business environment will be establ. References Bowie, N. E., 2013. Ethical Theory and Business. Boston: Pearson Education. Cavusgil, T. et al., 2015. International business: the new realities. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia, 2015. Cheeseman, H. R., 2016. Business law: legal environment, online commerce, business ethics, and international issues. Boston: Pearson. Conklin, D. W., 2006. Case In the environment of business. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publication. Francis, R. D. Murfey, G., 2016. Global Business Ethics; responsible decision in an international context. London: Kogan Page. George, R. T. D., 1993. Competing With Integrity in International Business. New York: Oxford University Press. George, R. T. D., 1999. Competing with integrity in international business. New York: Oxford University Press. George, R. T. D., 2014. Business ethics. Harlow: Pearson. George, R. T. D., 2015. Competing with integrity in international business. New York: Oxford University. Jamec, 2012. International corporate legal responsibility. Alphen Aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer Law bus. Kline, J. M., 2010. Ethics for International business: decision making in a global political economy. New York: Routledge. Kline, J. M., 2010. Ethics for International business: Decision making in a global political economy. New York: Routledge. Megone, C. Robinson, S., 2003. Case Histories in Business Ethics. London: Routledge. Parboteeah, K. P., 2013. Bussiness Ethics. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Sharp, D. J., 2006. Cases in business ethics. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publication. Snoeyenbos, M., Almeder, R. F. Humber, J. M., 1992. Business Ethics. Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus Books. Sullivan, R., 2003. Business and human rights: dilemmas and solutions. Sheffield: Greenlea

RR 1 Essays - Fictional Characters, Fictional Detectives, Fiction

Reading Reaction Reading Reaction on "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" The short story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, "The Adventure of the Speckled Band," was interesting and reminded me of the books that I enjoyed reading as a young child. One of my favorite books that I can recall was a collaboration between Nancy Drew and the Hardy Boys as detectives working together. This short story brought me back to those days, nonetheless. I liked "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" because of the plot and it's corny, yet dark, humor. However, I also did not like the story because of its dated language and its drawn-out length. The story, I found had some underlying crude humor which I always find enjoyable when being forced to read something. Dr. Watson is a character who exhibits these notes of humor, which has led me to favor his character. When they are indulging themselves in the case, Holmes apologizes to Watson for bringing him along because they will be in a rather dangerous position. However, Watson merely laughs it off by saying that he has no idea what is going on. Holmes humbly says that they've seen the same things, just thought about them differently and Watson does not seem to lose his trust in Holmes regardless of possible danger. This just makes me laugh because no matter the situation, it appears that their relationship as partners is much wittier and stronger than some risky business would lead on. A partial quote that really stuck out to me was, " the very horror of my situation lies in the fact that my fears are so vague, and my suspicions depend so entirely upon small points, which might seem trivial to another" (Doyle, 1892, p. 2). This quote is relatable to anyone who is trying to figure any given situation out. I, myself, feel as though I am delusional with all the little things, I attempt to tie together in order to place the correct blame. I could argue that this is the basis for the short story entirely. If Helen just assumed the death of her sister was merely an accident, then she wouldn't feel as though her life was also in danger; thus, she wouldn't have reached out for the help of Sherlock Holmes. Reflecting back to my thesis, I spoke of disliking the proper and dated language. With that, I will clarify that I do appreciate the origin of this short story and its importance to the history of early literature, however in today's language we do not use certain phrases that commonly appear in the story. It was hard to read smoothly when I had to question multiple times what a word meant. I assume, though, that save means but and that pray means please because of the sentence structure in which they are formulated. In addition to the language, the length had me bored and hurt my eyes after a while. A personal preference of mine is reading books with uncommon fonts or bigger spacing, otherwise I easily lose track of where I am at and end up rereading the same paragraph three times. Overall my reaction to the short story was that I enjoyed it once I got it read. I did not have many complaints and the ones I did have were not super huge either. I would consider reading more of these stories for enjoyment (and I do not read for pleasure, so that is saying a lot).

70 Home Idioms and Expressions

70 Home Idioms and Expressions 70 Home Idioms and Expressions 70 Home Idioms and Expressions By Mark Nichol 1. A man’s home is his castle: a sentiment that a man should have freedom to do what he wants in his home (originally â€Å"An Englishman’s home is his castle†) 2. A woman’s place is in the home: a largely outdated notion that a woman’s activities should be limited to child-rearing and housekeeping 3. At home: comfortable or proficient in an endeavor, matching or suitable for an environment, or competing in an athletic event at the team’s own facility rather than while visiting another team 4. Bring home: make clearly appreciated or understood (usually said of something unpleasant) 5. Bring home the bacon: earn a wage, or be successful 6. Charity begins at home: a sentiment that one should take care of family and friends before offering aid to others 7–8: Chickens will/have come home to roost: said as an admonition that actions have consequences 9. Close to home: deeply affecting one’s feelings 10. Come home: said of something (often, an unpleasant realization) becoming clear to someone 11. Come home to roost: return to cause trouble, in an analogy to chickens returning to their coop at the end of the day 12. Down-home: simple, as in something typical of traditional rural life 13–15. Drive/hammer/ram home: emphasize, often by repeating 16-17. Go big/hard, or go home: a slang expression meaning â€Å"Put effort into something, or give up trying† 18. Go home and get (one’s) beauty sleep: said jocularly of or by one who must depart early, facetiously because of the necessity of getting enough rest to avoid being considered unattractive because of sleep deprivation 19. Go home in a box: be sent home after death (box refers to a coffin) 20. Go home to mama: give up on marriage or a relationship, from the notion of returning home to live with one’s mother, with the implication of defeat and humiliation 21. Hearth and home: one’s home and family 22. Hit (one) where one lives: affect someone personally 23–24: Hit/strike home: make sense, cause awareness or acceptance of an idea 25–26. Home and dry/hosed: to have completed an activity or project (British English and Australian English, respectively) 27. Home away from home: a place one is visiting that is as comfortable and welcoming as one’s own home 28–33. Home boy/home girl/homeslice/holmes/homes/homie: a person with whom one is very close (from the notion that one grew up in the same neighborhood as that person) 34. Home free: certain of success because the most difficult phase of a task has been completed 35. Home game: an athletic event hosted by a team at its facility 36. Home ground/turf: the environment one has grown up in and is comfortable in 37. Home in on: literally or figuratively aim toward 38. Home is where (one) hangs (one’s) hat: the practical notion that one’s home is where one lives, as distinct from the sentimental notion of home 39. Home is where the heart is: a proverb conveying that one is most comfortable living where (or with whom) one wants to be 40. Home run: a successful endeavor, from an analogy with scoring a run in baseball that entitles one to safely round the bases and return to home plate 41–42. Home straight/stretch: the final phase of a difficult activity, from an analogy with the last portion of a horse race 43. Home sweet home: an expression of relief that one has returned to the comfort of home after an extended absence 44. Home truth: an unpleasant fact difficult to acknowledge or admit 45. Home, James: a passenger’s humorous exhortation to a driver to bring the passenger home swiftly (originally, â€Å"Home, James, and don’t spare the horses,† from the notion that James is a common name for a carriage driver) 46. Homesick: feeling uncomfortable about being away from home 47. Homework: practice of learning exercises; figuratively, preparation for an event or eventuality, or acquisition of practical knowledge 48. Keep the home fires burning: maintain a household in good order while one is away (perhaps at war) 49. Leave home: set out to live apart from one’s parents 50. The longest way around is the shortest way home: a proverb expressing that doing something painstakingly saves time because doing it carelessly may require that it be done over 51. Make yourself at home: a host’s exhortation to a visitor to encourage the person to feel comfortable and behave as if he or she lives there 52. Money from home: something welcome, or, in underworld slang, easily obtained money or goods (comparable to â€Å"Like taking candy from a baby†), from the notion of receiving money from one’s family when one is living or traveling abroad 53–58. Not something/anything, or nothing much, to write home about/worth writing home about: uneventful, from the notion that something that happened is not worth informing one’s family about 59. See (one) home: escort someone to his or her residence 60. Stay-at-home: said of a parent who does not work outside the home 61–62. Take (one’s) ball/toys and go home: said in figurative reference to a person petulantly abandoning an activity with necessary implements, thereby inconveniencing the remaining participants 63. Take home: retain a concept, idea, or thought conveyed at a conference or an educational event 64. The lights are on, but nobody’s home: said of an unintelligent person, from the comparison of the person’s â€Å"empty† head with a vacant house 65. There’s no place like home: a sentiment that home is the most satisfying place to be 66. Till the cows come home: an exaggeration meaning â€Å"for a long time,† from the notion of cows returning to the barn from the pasture at the end of the day 67–68. What is/who is (someone or something) when it’s (or he’s or she’s) at home?: a fanciful way of asking, â€Å"Who (or â€Å"what†) is that?† (British and Australian English) 69. Yankee go home: an expression of anti-American sentiment 70. You can’t go home again: the sentiment that once one leaves home, one is changed and conditions will not be the same Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and Toes3 Cases of Complicated HyphenationDouble Possessive

How to Get a 30 (or Higher!) on the ACT 9 Key Tips

How to Get a 30 (or Higher!) on the ACT 9 Key Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips A 30 ACT score is a solid goal to have for test day. But how difficult is it to get a 30? How many questions can you miss? And what kinds of schools can you get into with a 30? In this guide, we teach you how to get a 30 on the ACT with our nine top tips, covering everything from starting your prep through picking answers on test day. In fact, the tips in this article will help you even if you're shooting for a higher or lower score, like a 32 or a 29. But first, what are the benefits of getting a 30? Can You Get a 30 on the ACT? Why Aim for a 30? In short, yes, you can get a 30 on the ACT- as long as you're willing to dedicate a lot of effort to your prep. Be aware, though:getting a 30 will be easier for some students than it will be for others. How easy (or difficult) it is for you ultimately depends on where you're currently scoring and how much time you can commit to studying. But why 30?Is 30 a good ACT score? According topercentiles,an ACT score of 30is quite high. Data collected by ACT, Inc., shows that a 30corresponds to the 94th percentile. In other words, very few test takers- only 6 percent- score 30 or higher on the ACT, making it a great score to aim for on test day. Getting a 30 offers a couple of benefits to test takers. One isthat it can help make up for less impressive parts of your college application. For example, if you had a lower GPA, an ACT score of 30 could make your application more impressive to schools by showcasing your test-taking skills and proficiency in ACT topics. Another benefit is thatyou’ll have a better shot at getting accepted to competitive schools. With a score of 30, you’ll be just around average for admitted students to many selective private schools, such as Boston University and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.You’ll also be in the 75th percentile (that is, at a very good advantage!) for numerous public universities, including UMass Amherst and UC Santa Barbara. On the other hand, a 30 is low for extremely competitive schools. For Ivy League schools such as Harvard and Princeton, a 30 places you below the 25th percentile, meaning you’ll have a very small chance of getting accepted. Too bad the ACT doesn't test how proficient you are in hitting people in Mario Kart. (Giancarlo Marseglia Ceccoli/Flickr) What’s Needed to Get a 30 ACT Score? A 30 ACT score means scoring highly on all sections of the exam (excluding Writing, as this optional section score does not affect your composite score). Because your composite score is the average of your four section scores (English, Math, Reading, and Science), you must aim for at least a composite ACT score of 29.5- or around 30 on each section. These section scores can vary. For example, you could aim for scores in the upper 30s on your stronger sections and scores in the upper 20s on your weaker sections and still get a composite score of 30. To do this, however, you'll always need to score at least 30 on two or more sections of the exam. Here are some ways you could get a composite ACT score of 30: 30s on all four sections. 30s on two sections and 29s on the other two. 32s on two sections and 28s on the other two. 32, 31, 29, and 28 on the four sections. (And so on.) So how many correct answers do you need to get a 30 on the ACT? In truth, the answer varies depending on what test you take. Since all ACTs differ slightly in difficulty,the number of questions you must answer correctly to get a 30 also varies slightly with each test. Below, we’ve analyzed five score conversion tables from official ACT practice tests to calculate approximately how many questions you must get right to get a 30 on each section of the exam. (Remember, you don’t necessarily need to get 30s on all four sections, but you will need to get 30s on at least two sections.) After averaging the conversions, here's what we discovered: To get a 30 on ... You’ll need an average raw score of ... Meaning you can miss around ... English 67 8 questions Math 51 9 questions Reading 34 6 questions Science 36 4 questions Once again, these numbers are allapproximations based on the average number of raw points you'd need to get 30s on five different ACT practice tests. The chart above indicates that you can miss the most raw points on Math and the least on Science. You can also miss several questions on English and slightly fewer on Reading to get a 30. Here is an example of anACT scoring chart, with score conversions to 30 highlighted: Overall, you can’t miss more than a small handful of questions on each section of the ACT if you’re hoping to score a 30. To avoid missing too many questions, you must ultimately learn what to expect on test day and how to study effectively for each ACT section. We teach you how to do this next. Tip #0: don't build a pillow fort to try to hide from the ACT. How to Get a 30 on the ACT: 9 Key Tips Getting a 30 isn’t easy, but it’s certainly not impossible- you just need to know how to prepare. Our top nine tips below teach you how to get a 30 on the ACT and give you the confidence you'll need for test day. #1: Create a Study Plan When aiming for a 30 on the ACT, you'll definitely want to use a study plan to guide your prep, ideally one that specifically prepares you for getting a 30. Start by taking an official ACT practice testto get your baseline score.This is the score you start out with before beginning any ACT prep. As you take the test, try to recreate real testing conditions to give yourself a more accurate indicator of your scoring ability. This means you'll need to minimize potential distractions, take the test in a quiet room, and time yourself using the official time limits. Once finished, use your test’s scoring guide to calculate your section and composite scores. The composite score (out of 36) you get will be your baseline score. Next, subtract your baseline score from your goal score (in this case, 30) to see how many points you'll need to improve by to hit your goal score. Match this difference to one of the point ranges below to see the approximate number of hours you’ll need to study: 0-1 point improvement: 10 hours 1-2 point improvement: 20 hours 2-4 point improvement: 40 hours 4-6 point improvement: 80 hours 6-9 point improvement: 150 hours+ For example, if I scored 26 on a practice test, I’d need 4 points to hit my goal score of 30. Using the list above, we can see that this difference corresponds roughly to 40-80 hours of prep time. Once you’ve figured out the number of study hours you'll need to do, draft a study schedule that works well for you. You should try to study consistently every week until test day, so make sure to divide up your time appropriately. In addition, try to plan around any obligations you have in the time leading up to your test. #2: Use High-Quality Study Materials To get a 30 ACT score, you’ll need to use the best ACT resources currently available. This means no low-quality prep books, no sketchy websites, and no inefficient apps. By far the best resources to use are official ACT materials, many of which are completely free! Popular options include official ACT practice tests, sample questions, and The Official ACT Prep Guide, which currently sells for around $25 on Amazon. Be pickier when choosing unofficial ACT materials. I recommend only opting for those that are highly rated and contain realistic practice questions with comprehensive answer explanations. (Bonus if it includes helpful test-taking tips!) Our guides to the best ACT prep books, apps, websites, and vocabulary listscan give you more info on what unofficial resources to use. In short, always remember that quality beats quantity. There’s no point in getting tons of ACT resources if they’re not going to actually help you understand the test and get the 30 you want, so only get whatever you think will be most useful. #3: Track Your Progress Using Practice Tests An ACT study plan not only helps you space out your prep sessions but also allows you to track your progress. Throughout your studies, it's important to take occasional full-length practice tests to see whether your score is improving. How many tests you take and how often you take them depends on the amount of time you have left before test day. Generally, it’s helpful to take a test every few weeks (but never right before test day!). Once you’ve calculated your score for a practice test, use this to see whether your score is, on average, rising or staying the same. If it’s not rising as quickly as you want it to, consider what kinds of concepts or topics you can focus on more to help raise your score on another attempt. My biggest mistake? Eating eight boxes of Girl Scout cookies within a week. (brian/Flickr) #4: Analyze Your Mistakes When aiming high on the ACT, you’ll need to understand exactly what you’re getting wrong and what you can do to fix your mistakes. As you review your answers to ACT practice questions and tests, don’t just mark the correct answer and move on- take a few minutes to think deeply about why you might’ve missed a certain problem. I recommend doing this before you look at the answer explanation as a way to sharpen your problem-solving skills. After,re-solve the problem and usethe correct answer to guide your thinking. For example, if you thought the answer to a math question was 13 but it was really 36, go through the entire problem again, this time using a different approach to see whether you can find the correct answer on your own. #5: Drill Your Weaknesses Weaknesses will keep you from getting an ACT score of 30. They prevent you from getting certain questions right, even when you’ve studied the concepts. So how do you overcome your weak spots? First, by simply understanding what they are. To see what concepts you struggle the most with, go over all of the ACT practice tests and questions you've completed and try to look forpatterns in the questions you got wrong. For example, are you always missing geometry questions? Do you spend too much time on big-picture questions? Once you know what’s bringing down your score, you can then focus on drilling these weak spots in your prep. This means you’ll need to practice the questions you get wrong, review relevant strategies, and monitor your performance through practice tests to ensure you’re improving. #6: Get Key Strategies Down Pat No matter what score you're aiming for, you should always familiarize yourself with the most useful ACT strategies before taking the test. By "strategies," I mean test-taking approaches and tricks you can use to increase your chances of getting a high score (ideally, a 30!). Some ACT strategies target certain sections of the exam, whereas others apply to the entire test. Not all strategies will necessarily suit you (for example, it's best to pick just one passage-reading strategy that works well for you), but you should always try out all major approaches before choosing one to stick with. Before we dive into section-specific strategies, here are the three general ACT strategies you should be using on test day: Answer every question. There's no penalty for incorrect answers on the ACT, so try to answer every question, even if you have to guess. Because each question is multiple choice with four or five answer choices (only Math questions have five answer choices- everything else has four), you’ll always have at least a 20-25 percent chance of getting it right. Skip hard questions and return to them later. If you come across a question you can’t solve within a reasonable amount of time (see #7), mark the question and proceed to the next one. Then, once you finish the section, go back to any marked questions and try to approach them with a fresh perspective. Use the process of elimination. Not sure which answer choice is correct? Narrowing down your choices can dramatically raise your chance of getting the question right. For example, by eliminating three answer choices for a math question, your possibility of answering it correctly rises from 20 to 50 percent! For additional ACT tips and strategies, check out our individual section guides: English The Top 9 ACT English Strategies You Must Use The Best Way to Approach ACT English Passages How to Get 36 on ACT English: 9 Strategies From a Perfect Scorer Math Plugging in Numbers: a Critical SAT/ACT Math Strategy Plugging in Answers: a Critical SAT Math/ACT Math Strategy How to Guess Strategically on ACT Math How to Get 36 on ACT Math: 8 Strategies by a Perfect Scorer Reading The #1 Critical, Fundamental Strategy of ACT Reading The Best Way to Approach the ACT Reading Passage How to Answer ACT Reading Questions: 5-Step Guide How to Get 36 on ACT Reading: Strategies From a Perfect Scorer Science The 5 Best Strategies for Reading ACT Science Passages The ACT Science Strategies You Must Be Using The Hardest ACT Science Questions and Strategies to Solve Them How to Get 36 on ACT Science: 13 Strategies From a Perfect Scorer Writing ACT Writing Rubric: Full Analysis and Essay Strategies ACT Writing Tips: 15 Strategies to Raise Your Essay Score Why You Shouldn’t Copy Skeleton Templates for the SAT/ACT Essay How to Get a Perfect 12 on the ACT Writing Essay The #1 strategy for Monopoly? Flip the board into the air and play Sorry! instead. #7: Use Your Time Wisely Another key strategy we didn't mention above is to use your time wisely on each section of the ACT.Being able to allocate your time appropriately means you won't be spending too much (or too little) time on certain questions. The chart below shows how much time you have per question on each ACT section. These limits are estimates in that they assume you'll spend the same amount of time on every question. ACT Section Time Per Question English 36 seconds Math 60 seconds Reading 53 seconds Science 53 seconds As you can see, you’ll have the least amount of time per question on English and the most on Math. But even a whole minute can fly by on a math question, so you'll need to know how to approach ACT problems fast yet effectively.For tips on how to pace yourself, check out our time management guides for ACT Math, Reading, and Science. As I mentioned in tip #6, it's a good idea to answer every question since there's no penalty for incorrect answers. But thetime crunch is one of the most challenging parts of the ACT, often making it difficult to finish certain sections in time or get lengthier, more complicated questions correct. Therefore, if you're aiming for a 30, it may be better for you tospend a little more time trying to get questions rightthan to worry about trying to solve every question. You know you'll be missing a few points anyway, so use the time you would've spent answering tougher questions on solving the questions you're absolutely certain youcan get right with a little extra time. Then, just guess on the few you don't have time for. #8: Avoid Careless Errors and Double-Check Your Answers High scorers on the ACT primarily miss questions due to careless errors- that is, questions you misread or misinterpreted, answer choices you didn't fill in correctly, or answer choices you didn't confirm were correct before moving on to the next question. These types of errors, though frustrating, are entirely avoidable. The good news is that these errors mean you’re not struggling with the content of the exam, but the bad news is that you’re losing points on questions as a result of mere hastiness. The best way to avoid making careless errors is to double-check your answers.This means you'll look over each answer before proceeding to the next question. So on a math question, you could quickly double-check your answer choice by plugging it back in and re-solving. Or on an English question, you could reread the sentence you’ve corrected to ensure it sounds accurate. If you have extra time at the end of a section, goback through each question to check that you’ve answered all of them and have marked the appropriate answers on your answer sheet. Here are some additional tricks you can use to prevent careless errors: Read all questions carefully. If you skim, you might misunderstand what the question is asking you to do. For example, on Math, this could mean you accidentally solve for the wrong algebraic expression. Therefore, always read every word in a question. Reread any part of a question you don’t understand.You can't expect to get a question right if you don't get what it's asking you to do. If there's any phrase or word throwing you off, reread the question until you're pretty sure you know what it means. Read all of the answer choices before choosing one.Don't just go straight for the answer choice you think is right- often, what sounds correct isn't actually correct, as many plausible answer choices are included in order to mislead you. Read through all of the answer choices so that you can be certain you know which is right. Write neatly.If your notes are sloppy or confusing (especially when solving for math problems), you'll likely struggle to make sense of what you've written and might even choose the wrong answer as a result. Always write cleanly and coherently so that you don't accidentally foil your own efforts on test day. #9: Don’t Psych Yourself Out Last but not least, don’t let the pressure of the ACT freak you out. Getting a 30 takes hard work, but you shouldn't overwhelm yourself or feel as though your future depends on an ACT score. As long as you’ve got a solid study plan and quality ACT resources, you’re well on your way to getting a great score. Additionally, try to remain calm on test day. A little anxiety is expected, but letting your nerves get to you can make you lose both your concentration and confidence. If you don’t get a 30, remind yourself that it’s not the end of the world; you can always retake the exam or work on improving other parts of your college application. Your chances of college acceptance aren't determined solely by your ACT score, so don’t assume you’re doomed with anything below a 30! Don't look like this after you take the ACT. Seriously. Don't magically turn into a dog. Conclusion: How to Get a 30 on the ACT Many students aim for a 30 on the ACT, but is 30 a good ACT score? Absolutely! In fact,a 30 ACT score is very competitive- in the top 4 percent of test takers, to be exact.This score gives you a solid shot at getting into many moderately competitive universities, such as UC Santa Barbara and Boston University. To get a 30, you mustscore highly on all four sections of the exam (excluding Writing). Specifically, you’ll need to get at least a 30 on two sections and a composite score of 29.5 (which rounds to 30) or higher. This means you can only miss a handful of questions on each section. Above, we taught you how to get a 30 on the ACT using our top nine tips. As a reminder, here are our tips again: Come up with a foolproof study plan Obtain high-quality resources (official ones are a great place to start) Track your progress with practice tests Analyze your mistakes on tests and questions Drill your weak spots so that they don’t bring down your score Learn and practice all major ACT strategies Use your time wisely Avoid making careless errors by double-checking your answers andreading more closely Focus on doing well without psyching yourself out Armed with these tips, you'll be on your way to getting a 30 in no time! What’s Next? Want to aim even higher- say, for a perfect 36?Then check out our in-depth guide to getting a perfect ACT score, written by a real full scorer. What's considered a good ACT score?Our expert guide goes over what ACT scores and percentiles you'll need to aim for in order to be considered a competitive applicant for your schools. What about bad ACT scores? How low is too low?If you're not sure where your score stands, read our guide to low ACT scoresto learn what's considered a poor ACT score. Then, get tips on how to improve. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Community Child care Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Community Child care - Case Study Example Eye contact was limited, which is a social skill he struggled with, something that most children are not afraid of (Hanbury 2007). On looking at him straight to the eye, the boy could not respond by looking back directly. From the observation, this case fits in the Autism Spectrum Disorders category. During birth the boy had no complications; he was robust and developed normally, until he showed the first signs of delayed milestones. A healthcare provider was contacted and the boy was screened for the delayed milestones and help was given. At three months of age, he started using vocalizations (Cooper 2004). He developed delayed communication, although he developed a good rapport with his mother. He was unable to identify body parts and a learning programme was suggested, he seemed to catch up. His social skills became abnormal. He seemed not to hear at times, had poor eyesight, poor response to his name, does not respond to touch and other feelings, he plays on his own and does not ask for assistance when he needs some (Benaron 2009). The boy takes a Risperdal name of treatment which was prescribed by a psychiatrist. Ethics involved acting in an appropriate manner, with due diligence and care in the execution of duties (Szatmari 2004). Various communication approaches were used and clinical decisions were made on alternative communication techniques on the boy. The relevance and reliability of the available evidence, expertise of the clinical staff and the client’s perspective on the consent of using a family member were put into consideration (Cooper 2004). Exploration of many alternative communication skills were considered as symptoms vary in Autism syndrome deficiency (Hanbury 2007). Consent was acquired on the basis of the boy’s needs, which included the strengths and weaknesses of learning, the degree of social communication skills and motor abilities. The policies that were put in place helped in the navigation of this case study and

To What Extent Is Scientific Management an Appropriate Way to Manage Essay

To What Extent Is Scientific Management an Appropriate Way to Manage In the 21st Century - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the evolution of management has been termed as a continuous process that changes and adapts according to the need for the scenario. Schaltegger and Burritt observed that managerial theories and concepts have been developed by scholars mainly by observing the nature of work being conducted and managed at an operational level in the companies. However, Levin observed that most of the theories were developed with a single focus on improving employee management and resource utilization process of the firms. Cash et al. stated that Taylor’s theory of scientific management was among the first managerial concepts to widen the scope of management approach for the business houses and also develop a national focus on the aspect of efficiency. The theory of scientific management was praised and criticised for its principles and policies by the contemporary researchers of management. Considering the contemporary scenario of management practic es, it can be stated that with the changes in the market and customer response, organizations have also initiated numerous alterations in their operational practices. One of the most crucial aspects of the business management processes, as stated by Waddell, is the power enjoyed by the workforce of the firms which was almost ignorable during the time of scientific management. Carrying forward these arguments and statements, the essay will focus on evaluating the validity of the scientific management process in the contemporary scenario. According to Schaltegger and Burritt, scientific management primarily focuses on the aspect of discipline for developing better employee management processes. The features of the scientific management can be assessed by evaluating the principles and guidelines of the managerial processes. Although many changes have taken place in the aspect of business management processes, discipline has always remained one of the core variables. The first feature o f the scientific management system can be thus reflected as the systematic approach which allows managers to control their workforce and direct them in the desired manner. This systematic approach is designed by observing the behavioral pattern of the employees and the needs of the organization. Managing the employees in a controlled atmosphere helps the company to achieve employee loyalty.

Endocrine disrupting compounds and human fertility Essay Example for Free

Endocrine disrupting compounds and human fertility Essay In the past 100 years, humans have introduced several hundreds of new compounds into the environment, which actually have affected the physiology of both plants and animals including humans (Propper, 2005). In most cases these deleterious effects are unintended and it was not predicted before that these compounds could have such effects on organisms. Therefore the actual mechanisms by which these compounds affect physiological functions of other organisms are not yet properly researched. When such compounds affect the endocrine systems they are called endocrine disrupting compounds. These compounds would affect different hormonal pathways and physiological functions such as reproduction, development, metabolism and even the behavior of humans and other animals. The present essay is intended to identify some of the endocrine disrupting compounds that affect human fertility, the mechanism of affecting, to analyze the weight of different evidences available and to analyze the current investigation techniques. Endocrine disrupting compounds have been defined as an exogenous agent that interferes with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones in the body which are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis, reproduction, development and/or behavior (Kavloc et al. , 1996). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has accepted this definition as the most appropriate one in the year 2004. These compounds are capable of interfering with normal signaling mechanisms of the endocrine system. Either they could block or make changes in the synthesis of hormones, or they could mimic some of the endocrine compounds, thereby affecting the target organs. They could also affect the release of these hormones from the concerned glands and its transportation. They could also bind with the specific molecules to which hormone binds. These compounds are usually seen in pesticides, industrial effluents, pharmaceutical compounds, etc. Heavy metals also could induce endocrine disruption. Wastewater effluents from cities as well as from agricultural fields are sources of such compounds. The neuro- endocrine system might also get affected by these compounds causing changes in the reproductive organs and associated behaviors in humans. Most of the researches in this filed are concentrated towards the effect of these compounds on estrogen and other steroids responsible for reproduction (Propper, 2005). According to Caserto et al. (2008) these compounds could affect human heath seriously even when present in very small amounts. This is especially because many such chemicals would be these affecting a single target. There are many studies which reveal that waste water discharge in to natural waters have resulted in the changes in reproductive organs of aquatic fauna. This is because of the presence of 17 beta estradiol, estrogens, androgens, etc, in wastewater. These compounds are highly stable and therefore could not be removed completely from wastewater by various treatment procedures to reclaim the water. Traces of these compounds would be present in the drinking water, which is prepared from these natural waters into which the wastewater has been disposed. Bioaccumulation of these compounds in humans is expected to affect fertility (Falconer, 2006). Wagner and Oehlmann (2009) have conducted a study to determine the level of endocrine disrupting compounds in usual food stuffs of humans and they selected bottled mineral water as one of the sources of this compounds. The effort was taken based on the fact that endocrine disrupting hormones reaches the body of human mainly through foodstuffs. They used estrogen receptor alpha for the identification. They found that the mineral waters in plastic bottles are seriously contaminated with phthalates that are getting leached into the water from plastic bottle. Thus it was proved beyond doubt that endocrine disrupting compounds are present in plastic wares and extensive use of plastic wares to store food would result in increased level of these compounds in the foodstuffs with a deleterious effect on fertility. According to Rhind (2005) there is an urgent need to study the effects of endocrine disrupting compounds on animals. Very little is known regarding the concentration of these compounds in the different tissues of animals, the concentration required to produce a deleterious effect on the animals, effect of prolonged exposure to an single compound, the effects of different classes of compounds, effect of the exposure to more than one compounds at a time etc. With the available information it is possible to establish that the endocrine disrupting compounds in the environment is affecting human health adversely with a high impact on fertility. The effect of these endocrine disrupting compounds on human reproduction is different for different compounds. Compounds such as diethylstilbestrol affect female reproductive system and cause abnormal follicular growth, ovulation, abnormal formation of corpus luteum and the overall maintenance of ovary would be affected. It would also affect the normal sexual differentiation in females. Pregnancy would be affected because of the negative effects on fertilization and implantation of the embryo in the uterus. Another pollutant called dioxin has been reported to cause endometriosis in women, which is a very painful disease that leads to infertility (Crisp et al. , 1998). There are some compounds, which are naturally occuring such as phytoestrogens produced by plant that could mimic the properties of estrogens produced by humans (Caserta et al. , 2008). Natural sex hormones are used extensively for different purposes in farms as well as in urban areas and there is every chance that these would become harmful to non-targeted organisms including humans because of the concentrating effect. There are many evidences, which prove that environmental contaminants are causing problems in female fecundity as well as fertility (Louis et al. , 2006). There are evidences to prove that puberty, menstruation, endometriosis, pregnancy, senescence period for reproduction etc are affected by exposure to these compounds. Diethyl stilbestrol was given to pregnant women during 1950’s to prevent miscarriage. But later on due to the adverse effects of these compounds most of the kids developed abnormalities. Finally the compound was withdrawn from the market. The female child produced in such cases developed menstrual abnormalities, vaginal hypoplasia, sudden abortion, premature delivery, uterine malformation and overall low fertility. If the child is a male, it was found to develop testicular dysgenesis syndrome (Milhan 1992). Maternal exposure during pregnancy and exposure to these compounds present in the mother’s milk during the prenatal period are believed to be the reasons for such defects. This occurs due to the lipophilic nature of these compounds, which in turn gets stored in the adipose tissues of the mother. This is one of the strongest evidences of the deleterious effect of these compounds on human reproductive system. There are reports that state that human sperm production has decreased in the past 50 years. Although accurate evidence is not there, the reasons for this decrease is attributed to the presence of endocrine disrupting compounds in the environment (Crisp, 1998). Leydig cells tumors are increasingly believed to be caused by this factor. Same is the case of prostrate cancer. Studies conducted in Coke-oven workers have revealed that there has been an increase of mortality among them due to prostrate cancer due to occupational exposure to these compounds. However more research is required to find out the actual cause of this cancer, whether it is due to endocrine disruption by any chemicals in the environment.

America Needs More Immigrants Essays -- Immigrants Immigration Persua

America Needs More Immigrants America is sometimes referred to as a "nation of immigrants" because of our largely open-door policy toward accepting foreigners pursuing their vision of the American Dream. Recently, there has been a clamor by some politicians and citizens toward creating a predominantly closed-door policy on immigration, arguing that immigrants "threaten" American life by creating unemployment by taking jobs from American workers, using much-needed social services, and encroaching on the "American way of life." While these arguments may seem valid to many, they are almost overwhelmingly false, and more than likely confused with the subject of illegal immigration. In fact, immigrants actually enhance American life by creating, not taking jobs, bolster social service funds through tax payments, and bring valuable technical knowledge and skills to our country. If we are to continue to excel as a nation, the traditionalists who fear an encroachment of foreign-born Americans must learn to ac cept that we achieved our greatness as a result of being "a nation of immigrants." Â  A common argument among those opposing further immigration is that foreigners take U.S. jobs and cause unemployment among the displaced American workers. In the July 13, 1992 edition of Business Week , a poll states that sixty-two percent of non-blacks and sixty-three percent of blacks agree that "new immigrants take jobs away from American workers." This is a widely held, if erroneous belief, among Americans. However, Julian L. Simon, author of The Economic Consequences of Immigration , states: immigration does not exacerbate unemployment...Immigrants not only take jobs, but also create them. Their purchases increas... ...cent more likely...to have post-graduate educations" than Americans, according to Simon. The traditionalists opposing immigration must recognize our lives are enhanced by their knowledge and education, and that in order to "preserve our nation", they must realize we are a "nation of immigrants" and let others prove their worth. Â  The issue of immigration must be dealt with rationally, not emotionally. Facts, figures, and statistics must be studied by both sides in order to reach a decision most beneficial to our nation. Our lives are enhanced by the new jobs created by immigrants, the social service funds bolstered by their tax payments, and the valuable technical skills and knowledge brought with them. These benefits far outweigh any negative effects and prove the value of immigrants as they pursue the American Dream in our "nation of immigrants." Â  

How Far Do I Agree That the Hundred Flowers Campaign Was a Trick Essay

Mao travelled the length and breadth of China during the 1950’s. The massive amount of support that he got where ever he went convinced him that he was in touch with the people. He took this opportunity to give some greater freedom of expression to his people and he encouraged constructive criticism of how he and his party were transforming china into a proletarian state. He also gave intellectuals a greater say in debate which was unusual as Mao hated them. It was quite possible that Mao was affected by the attack on Stalin by Khrushchev who publicly said that Stalin was evil and wrong; Mao did not want this backlash himself . erhaps the hundred flowers campaign closed the gap between his people and him, the people would not make a comparison of him and Stalin and it would make him seem that he really cared what the people thought. In early 1957 the party and Mao prepared themselves for criticism which let ordinary every day people be able to say where the CCP had gone wrong. After the initial thoughts of people being classed as anti party were dismissed people flocked in their hundreds to criticise the party top government officials and even as far as Mao himself on the grounds of corruption, inefficiency and not being realistic. After this Mao changes direction and stops the hundred flowers campaign and everything goes backwards it was not a time of expression but a time of great oppression and was replaced altogether with the anti-rightist movement. Those people who had spoken out the most about the regime were forced to retract there statement and many University staff, writers, school teachers and economists some of the finest minds in china were forced to retract there statements and were humiliated in front of their peers and were forced to enter re-education classes where they were broken down and re built with the information about the CCP. Even high ranking government officials were not safe as Zhou Enlai found out when he was forced to say that he had been too slow in putting Mao’s industrial plans into action which was not true, this sent out a message to everyone else saying that no one is safe and forcing everyone to conform. Some people say that it was a trick from the start and the speed in which he retracted the campaign and replaced it with the other one shows that it was a trap from the beginning, they also say that it was a deliberate measure to bring his critics out in to the public and catch them. He could use what they said against them most of the people who did this were intellectuals and the educated who were the most likely to speak up these people also happened to be the two sets of people that Mao didn’t like. It was a movement towards a controlled society in which all expression of opinion had to fit within the government’s criteria. However. People say that Mao was genuinely seeking criticism in which he would turn the peasants against the other classes. By giving scientists and engineers the freedom to express their idea’s’ Mao sought to prevent party bureaucrats from interfering with technical decisions. He wanted intellectuals to expose and attack corruption and bureaucracy. He also wanted peasants, students and workers to speak out and even demonstrate to prevent government bureaucrats from running roughshod over their rights. Another theory is that Mao did it on a whim and he did not set out with an agenda and was the quick thinking of CCP party main officials. In the event Mao’s motives may or may not have been, it was the scale of the criticism that it unleashed that took him aback, he had not realized the size of the problems that his ever so perfect regime had. Whether or not he had set out flush out opponents it had the same outcome, he had discovered the extent of the opposition. He crushed those who he thought were opposed to him. So yes I think that the hundred flowers campaign was a trick used by Mao to flush out opponents. the ruthlessness the he showed can only mean that he set out to do it in the first place.

Khafre and Seated Scribe Essay

Comparison The two pieces, â€Å"Khafre† and â€Å"Seated Scribe†, are two art pieces that have originated from the ancient Egyptian time period. These two pieces are very similar and different in many ways. With this in mind, we learn that art work, depending on the time period, may have similar meanings but also different messages and that same time. The piece â€Å"Khafre† has many differences compared to â€Å"Seated Scribe†. One of these differences is simple; Khafre, the Pharaoh that is being depicted in the piece, â€Å"Khafre† has the body build, such as muscles, that would give the viewer the idea that he is a leader. While on the other hand, the piece â€Å"Seated Scribe† shows a man sitting down with little to no body strength and shows the viewer that he had a good life that was free of physical labor. Another difference between the two pieces is that the lives of the two are completely different. While the Pharaoh shows a life of seriousness, strength, and power; the â€Å"Seated Scribe† shows the viewer a life of wisdom, alertness, eagerness, labor free, and attentiveness. Another major difference between the two pieces is that on the â€Å"Khafre† piece, the Pharaoh’s throne has plants, papyrus and lotus plants, that represent his ruling and power over the upper and lo wer regions of Egypt. With this in mind the viewer of â€Å"Seated Scribe† notices that the scribe might have been in one of those two regions of Egypt and although he shows more of a labor free life, he might still be under the law of the Pharaoh, Khafre; proving the fact that Khafre has more obvious power over the normal human being, yet alone a scribe. One last difference is in the wealth difference of the two people. While the Pharaoh sits on a throne with a backing on it, the scribe sits on the hard ground but still has perfect posture. With these differences the viewer can begin to have a better understanding of the meaning and symbolism behind the two pieces. Aside from just differences, the two pieces â€Å"Seated Scribe† and â€Å"Khafre† are also very similar as well. One of the many ways that they are similar is in their posture. The two men sit upright and alert. Their eyes focused on the task at hand. For the scribe it may be more obvious but you can also tell Khafre’s alertness by his clenched fist and his wide open eyes. The two pieces also share the similarity of service. While the scribe is shown possibly writing words for the Pharaoh, therefore doing a service for him; Khafre sits on his thrown and can be viewed as him serving his people. This idea can be shown by the way that they are seated and the way they are looking with full alertness. The last similarity between the two pieces is that the two are idealized very clearly. With the scribe you can take a quick look and have the idea that the piece is representing a person who is not of royal being and that he is a type of writer. The same can be said for the Pharaoh; you can look at the piece and automatically notice that the piece represents a Pharaoh by his body stature, his headdress and false beard. With differences in mind, the viewer of these two pieces can get a better knowledge of the art world and what they truly mean. Overall the two pieces are similar and different in many ways. But having the ability to study and have a closer look into the two pieces and get an idea of what the artist was trying to portray, is what makes art so fascinating. The two pieces are just a small part into the art of Ancient Egypt. But knowing what the two are about, is what makes the viewer and student have a better appreciation of the art of the past.

Law vs. Beliefs essays

Law vs. Beliefs essays What does a person have to face when he breaks the rule and the law? His self-consciousness? The negative consequences after he gets caught? An individual should not break the social rule stipulated by law. This is what we have been taught and educated about since our childhood, and this legal and moral concept has been deeply implanted in our minds and guides our daily behavior, our way of communicating with others, and our style of interacting with this society. An individual should not break the rule even if it ¡Ã‚ ¯s against his or her personal beliefs. Law is something set by a nation ¡Ã‚ ¯s legislative organization for people to follow. It aims at protecting the rights, properties, etc., of the great majority of the people in the society. Law and personal beliefs do not contradict one another in a general, normal sense. They are a somewhat complementary distribution interaction. Sometimes, they go against each other, even though law cannot be sacrificed for the sake of so- called satisfaction of personal beliefs. In a society law is set to protect people ¡Ã‚ ¯s rights within it. When the law is broken the individual who breaks the law may enjoy some privileges; others may lose them at the same time. The purpose of the law is not only giving people rights but also keeping a common peace within a community or society by confining or limiting people ¡Ã‚ ¯s boundaries of activities. To keep a common peace is what national government uses to keep the country united into one. Breaking the law would do nothing good for ourselves as individuals but causes trouble, disadvantage, etc. The basic concept of being a knowledgeable human is not breaking rules, even if it ¡Ã‚ ¯s against ones own beliefs. Three social conventions confine and influence directly or indirectly our individual and social behavior in our daily life. They are law, morality and belief, overlapping on top of each other as a hierarchy. One follows another, and seldom contradi...

Hyphenating Phrases

Hyphenating Phrases Hyphenating Phrases Hyphenating Phrases By Mark Nichol When should phrases of more than two words be hyphenated, and when should the constituent words stand on their own? The following sentences, and the discussions and revisions that follow each, illustrate the rules pertaining to hyphenation of phrases. 1. The researchers highlighted the follow the herd mentality the students exhibited. Because the phrase â€Å"follow the herd† constitutes one idea modifying the word mentality- and precedes the noun- the phrase should be hyphenated: â€Å"The researchers highlighted the follow-the-herd mentality the students exhibited.† (In the following sentence, â€Å"follow the herd† does not modify anything- it’s simply a verb phrase- so hyphens are not called for: â€Å"The students appeared to follow the herd in their everyday behavior.†) 2. The committee thoroughly reviewed the potential conflicts-of-interest before making a decision. Here, a phrase is hyphenated unnecessarily. â€Å"Conflicts of interest† is simply a noun phrase; it does not collectively modify anything, so no linking of the words is necessary: â€Å"The committee thoroughly reviewed the potential conflicts of interest before making a decision.† (If the phrase modified, and preceded, a noun- with a slight change to singular form for the first word- hyphenation would be correct, as in, â€Å"The conflict-of-interest implications are troublesome.†) 3. The agency’s structure violates the constitutional separation of powers doctrine. Here, a noun phrase in the â€Å"(blank) of (blank)† form serves to modify a noun, thus transforming to a phrasal adjective. Because the three words combine to form an idea and precede the noun they refer to, they should be hyphenated: â€Å"The agency’s structure violates the constitutional separation-of-powers doctrine.† (Constitutional modifies but is not part of the modifying phrase, so it is not attached.) 4. Her manager was none-too-pleased to see her arriving late for the second time in one week. This idiomatic phrase represents a single idea, but because it does not immediately precede the noun it applies to, hyphenation is not appropriate: â€Å"Her manager was none too pleased to see her arriving late for the second time in one week.† (However, it should be hyphenated in a sentence such as â€Å"Her none-too-pleased manager watched her arrive late for the second time in one week,† because the phrase â€Å"none too pleased† precedes the noun it modifies.) 5. We apparently will be informed on a need to know basis. Here, â€Å"need to know,† which, if it were to stand alone (as in â€Å"You don’t need to know†), would not require hyphens, merits them because the words together describe the type of basis in question, so the phrase serves as a phrasal adjective: â€Å"We apparently will be informed on a need-to-know basis.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation40 Irregular Verbs That Can End in â€Å"-t†

I DONT HAVE ONE YET Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

I DONT HAVE ONE YET - Research Paper Example She had just been married for two years; and already was getting a lot of trouble in her marriage. She was really traumatized by the inevitably changing circumstances in her marriage following a strong and stable relationship she had had with her boyfriend. I remember when she was still in college and was really in love with her boyfriend Martin. Martin too loved her and this is the reason they got married immediately after finishing college. Liz was my best friend and this automatically qualified Martin as a good friend of mine. Consequently, we had many common friends because of this marriage and the friendship network. When Martin proposed divorce as a measure of solving their problems, we were all really devastated and Liz was too depressed to control the situation. I sympathized and empathized with her and at most times everything just went out of hand and I felt like I could no longer help in solving their situation. I too grew distressed of this. We no longer had good moments with Liz as we always deed since she spent most of her time in the bed weeping. Overtime she even grew cold and impossible to engage in a conversation. This reciprocated by withdrawing from our friendship and even withdrawing from her own self; she was no longer eating well nor caring fr her personal hygiene. There is a tremendous increase in divorce rates in the world today especially in the Northern America. In he United States of America, the current divorce rates lies at 50%. This typically means that 50% of America’s marriages end in dissolution (Cherlin Pgs 28-29). This is an alarming issue in the world today as divorce comes with many consequences that negatively involve even the innocent children that find themselves in the middle of such marriages. In Canada alone, statistics show that there are 2.11 divorces per every 500 families; there were 70,226 divorce cases in 2008 alone. This rate is a bit higher in America where there are 3.6 divorce cases per every 1,000 pe ople or 500 families (Cherlin Pg 29). The reasons for divorce varies from one region in the Northern America to another but the impacts are similar (Levinger & Oliver Pg 103). Divorce is a very bitter and heartbreaking monster to many families in the current generation. It mostly involves couples that at one point were very happy together, and they go through traumatizing moments to forget such days after divorce. It is so hard and it takes a long time and a lot of strength for such couples to overcome the confusion and trauma surrounding life, love and relationships. Martin had started withdrawing from Liz immediately they lost their first child at five months. Their child died of chronic pneumonia and Martin had always felt a sense of blame to Liz. He always accused her of negligence and lack of proper care to the child in terms proper and protective dressing of the child. Therefore, he withdrew from Liz after the child’s death and when Liz was devastated and tired of pursu ing Martin’s closeness, she too withdrew: not to me this time, bur to our other male friend Jack. Martin felt bad and in turn started being overprotective and jealous about Liz and Jack. At some point, he even engaged jack in a fight and the whole friendship network was falling apart. Liz instead withdrew further to a point that Martin proposed a divorce. This is when Liz again started to feel that she needed him more than